Picture Plane-the plane of a painting, drawing, or the like, that is in the extreme foreground of a picture, is coextensive with but not the same as the material surface of the work, is the point of visual contact between the viewer and the picture, and is conceived as a major structural element in the production of abstract or illusionistic forms.

Horizon Line-In art, the horizon line (also called eye level) marks the point where the sky meets the land or water below.

Two-point perspective-linear perspective in which parallel lines along the width and depth of an object are represented as meeting at two separate points on the horizon that are 90 degrees apart as measured from the common intersection of the lines of projection. 

Atmospheric perspective-a technique of rendering depth or distance in painting by modifying the tone or hue and distinctness of objects perceived as receding from the picture plane, especially by reducing distinctive local colors and contrasts of light and dark to a uniform light bluish-gray color. Expand.

Point of view-The point of view is determined by where a viewer is stationed in relation to everything else he sees.

Aerial View- It involves the vanishing point/s and horizon line being positioned on the upper portion of an image.  It is usually used in reference to a landscape or a cityscape.

Spatial Illusion-A spatial illusion is said to occur when the perceived model differs from the physical model whether in dimension, orientation, curvature or direction.

Actual texture-Actual texture refers to the tactile qualities of the physical surface of the object. In other words, how does the surface of the work feel when you touch it? 

Simulated texture-Simulated texture is the type that is created to look like something it is not.

 

Trompe l’oeil-technique that uses realistic imagery to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects exist in three dimensions.

Shape and Form

Shape-defined in the book as two-dimensional areas. The external form or appearance characteristic of someone or something; the outline of an area or figure. A shape that only has two dimensions (such as width and height) and no thickness.

High relief- a work is considered a high relief if at least half of the figures’ natural spatial depth projects forward from the background.

Low relief- the figures exist on nearly the same plane as the background, almost as in a drawing.

Frontal- a type of three-dimensional art that is designed principally to be seen from the front only.

Full Round- a type of three-dimensional art that is freestanding and designed to be seen from all sides.

Walk Through- an even fuller degree of three-dimensional art that becomes part of the environment through which we move.

Open Form- in sculpture, a volume broken by projections and/or voids.

Closed Form- in sculpture, a volume unbroken by no projections and/or voids.

Negative Space/Form- referring to unfilled but delineated areas

Positive Space/From- referring to being occupied by some material.